For appropriately-screened patients that start HRT after reaching menopause but before age 60, HRT can improve both short-term and long-term health.

Short-term benefits can include a reduction of hot flashes and night sweats, improvement in mood and sleep, decreased joint pain, less brain fog, and overall feelings of well-being.

HRT is also beneficial for vaginal and urinary health, as it helps to prevent dryness, painful sex, incontinence, and the incidence of urinary tract infections, which, while common, many women don't usually associate with menopause.

Long-term benefits can include a reduced risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, diabetes, and some forms of cancer.